The longitudinal forces introduced by tunnel boring machines (TBMs) to the segmental tunnel linings influence their structural response. The analyses of the linings construction process and the ground-structure interaction mechanisms have shown the influence of the lining creep on the progressive loss of the initial longitudinal force. An analytical formulation to predict the remaining compression of the linings as a function of time is proposed, supported by means of a complete numerical model, which considers the effect of creep during the sequential construction process. An experimental program to determine the creep of plastic packers was developed, revealing its significant influence on the global lining creep factor and the evolution of the remaining compressive stresses.
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